Needham Roberts

The Harlem Hellfighter Who Stood Beside Henry Johnson

Era

Role:

The Story

Needham Roberts (1901–1949) was an American soldier who served with the 369th Infantry Regiment, famously known as the Harlem Hellfighters, during World War I. On the night of May 14, 1918, Roberts and fellow soldier Henry Johnson defended their outpost against a German raiding party in the Argonne Forest. Although severely wounded early in the attack, Roberts continued to support Johnson as the two men resisted overwhelming enemy forces.

While Henry Johnson’s actions later became widely recognized, Needham Roberts’ bravery was equally significant. Together, they demonstrated extraordinary courage under fire and became symbols of the determination and sacrifice of Black American soldiers serving overseas. Their actions earned both men France’s prestigious Croix de Guerre, making them among the first American soldiers to receive the honor during World War I.

Quick Facts

Born

1901

Died

1949

Known For

Defending an Allied outpost alongside Henry Johnson during a German raid in World War I and receiving the French Croix de Guerre for exceptional bravery.

Life & Legacy Timeline

1901

Born in Trenton, New Jersey.

1917

Enlisted in the U.S. Army and joined the 369th Infantry Regiment.

May 14, 1918

While stationed in the Argonne Forest, Roberts and Henry Johnson came under attack by a German raiding party. Despite being seriously wounded, Roberts fought alongside Johnson during the assault.

1918

Awarded the French Croix de Guerre for extraordinary bravery in combat.

1919

Returned to the United States with the Harlem Hellfighters after the war.

1949

Died at the age of 48, leaving behind a legacy of courage and service.

Legacy

Needham Roberts’ story reminds us that history is often remembered through a single name, even when many individuals shared the burden of extraordinary events. His courage beside Henry Johnson helped prevent a German raid from succeeding and contributed to one of the most celebrated moments in the history of the Harlem Hellfighters. Recognizing Roberts’ service ensures that the story of the Harlem Hellfighters reflects the collective bravery of the regiment rather than focusing on only one individual. His legacy stands as a testament to teamwork, resilience, and the overlooked contributions of Black soldiers during World War I.

A Quote to Remember

"The world knows of the Harlem Hellfighters because they proved their courage on the battlefield when others doubted their worth." — Adapted from historical accounts of the 369th Infantry Regiment

- Needham Roberts

Why This Matters

Needham Roberts’ story reminds us that history is shaped not only by celebrated heroes but also by those whose courage has been overshadowed over time. By remembering Roberts alongside Henry Johnson, we gain a fuller understanding of the Harlem Hellfighters and the sacrifices made by Black soldiers during World War I. Preserving stories like his helps ensure that the contributions of every member of the regiment are recognized and that history reflects the collective strength, service, and resilience of those who fought for a nation that did not always recognize their humanity.

Sources & Further Reading

U.S. Army Center of Military History
Historical information on the 369th Infantry Regiment and the service of the Harlem Hellfighters during World War I.

National Archives
Military records and World War I collections documenting the service of African American soldiers.

Library of Congress
Photographs, newspapers, and historical collections related to the Harlem Hellfighters and World War I.

National Museum of African American History and Culture
Resources exploring the military service and legacy of Black Americans, including the Harlem Hellfighters.

Smithsonian Institution
Articles and educational resources on African American military history and the contributions of the Harlem Hellfighters.

Continue Exploring

HARLEM HELLFIGHTERS SERIES

The Harlem Hellfighters’ story represents courage, resilience, and service in the face of adversity.

More stories from this series will continue to highlight the individuals whose contributions helped shape history.